Reflection Post Questions

1. What did you learn? I learned not only a lot about the titanic, and how it was built, many of its parts, and what they did, but i also learned about the people and brainpower that went into the titanic. Without computers and other technoligies we are privelaged to have today.
2. What was your research question? How was the Titanic built?
3. What was the answer to your research question? Our question can't be simply answered in one sentence..but if I had to, I would say that it was built in Belfast, and by many large pieces of equiptment that have become a site that is no longer used to build ships, but is visited as a landmark.
4. Did your final product answer that question? How? Yes, our final project answered this question. We built a very large model of the Titanic, that is made to scale, which enables everyone to see all of the parts, and we also blogged about it, so even if they don't get a chance to see our visual model, anyone can better understand how it was made. We used our visual as an aid to us, not to just sit there and explain all of the information. We researched many hours so that we could explain it, so it worked out how we wanted it to.
5. What did you do well on the project? We found all of the research, and shared it with eachother, so that we could both benefit from the sites that we found that we felt helped us.
6. What could you have improved on the project? At the beginning, blogging on the times they were supposed to be finished.
7. What would you change about what you did on the project? We could have finished the blogging earlier, to leave ourselves more time to figure out exactly how we wanted to do the final physical, visual part of the project.
8. What would you change about the assignment itself? I enjoyed this assignment because I got to choose a topic that I wanted to research, and something that interested me. Usually when a topic is assigned, the student doesn't learn as much, or as well.
9. What grade do you think you deserve on the project? I think that we desserve an a on this project, if we were being graded on the normal system. Why? We worked for many hours, and put a lot of effort into this project. The final project also looked very nice, and you could tell how hard we worked on it. It was a little difficult for us to make it perfectly to scale, since neither one of us had done something like it before. It also required that we figured out a lot of math before EVERY LINE we drew to make our model.

Titanic Plan

To do this project me and my partner have decided to build a model of the titanic showing the different parts it has. To do this though we are going to take a piece of styrofoam and cut it into a shape of the Titanic. Then we are going to somehow attatch a piece of white paper to it and draw the inside and the different parts onto it. On the other side we will draw the outside of the Titanic. While we present this peoject we will have index cards with information. We will cover the interior of the titanic, deck plans, parts that powered the ship and how they worked, and statistics of the ship.http://www.geocities.com/Athens/oracle/8912/construc.html
http://www.historyonthenet.com/Titanic/largecutaway.htm
http://www.abratis.de/ship/construct/
http://www.titanic-nautical.com/titanic-facts.php
http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/deckplans/
http://www.lessons-from-history.com/Level%203/Titanic%20Blueprints.htmlhttp://www.geocities.com/titanicandco/inside.html

Daily Post

Today Becca wasn't here. So I didn't have access to what we were working on together last class together. Now im okay though because mr.n. gave me a copy of what we started working on last time. That helped a lot, and I typed it under my account so I can have it too. :)

Daily Post

Today I finished all of my index cards, and I am very excited about finishing. :)
The last subject of the titanic I studied today was the quality of the metals used to make the great and "unsinkable" ship, the Titanic. To my understanding, the metals weren't pure enough type of a thing, which made them more easily breakable. If the steel was made right, and more pure, the ship could have probably stood up to the strength of the ice burg that brought it down, and took the lives of many innocent people.

Thirtieth Index Card

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980CE1DB133AF934A15752C0A96E958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all

• EVER since the Titanic was discovered in the depths of the North Atlantic a dozen years ago, her steel plates melting into rivers of rust, expeditions have repeatedly probed the hulk. And investigators armed with a growing body of evidence have been working to solve riddles posed by the opulent liner's sinking.
• The ship, of course, was moving too fast through a sea of towering ice when it struck a large floe on its inaugural voyage in 1912. But much uncertainty has surrounded the exact nature of the damage and whether it might have been avoided in whole or part if the ship's design or construction had been different, perhaps preventing the loss of more than 1,500 lives.
• Now, after years of analysis and any number of false leads, experts say they have preliminary evidence suggesting that the Titanic, the biggest ship of her day, a dream of luxury come to life, may have been done in by structural weaknesses in some of her smallest and least glamorous parts: the rivets.
• Two wrought-iron rivets from the Titanic's hull were recently hauled up from the depths for scientific analysis and were found to be riddled with unusually high concentrations of slag, making them brittle and prone to fracture.
• ''We think they popped and allowed the plates to separate and let in the water,'' said William H. Garzke Jr., a naval architect who heads a team of marine forensic experts investigating the disaster.
• The rivet analysis, which Mr. Garzke and other experts said must be considered tentative because of the small number of rivets sampled, sheds light on findings made public last year. Experts, diving down nearly two and a half miles to peer through thick mud with sound waves, discovered that the Titanic's bow had been pierced by six thin wounds, the damage apparently done as hull seams were forced open. The finding laid to rest the myth that the iceberg had sliced open a 300-foot gash in the ship's side and strengthened interest in the possibility of rivet failure.
• The new analysis was done by Dr. Timothy Foecke, a metallurgist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, a Federal agency in Gaithersburg, Md. It helps set industry standards and employs some of the Government's top metallurgists.
• Working with Mr. Garzke, who is chairman of the marine forensics panel of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, a professional group based in Jersey City, Dr. Foecke analyzed the two Titanic hull rivets, cutting them in half and probing their composition with tools like microscopes and image analyzers. His work revealed an overabundance of slag, the glassy residue left over from the smelting of metallic ores.
• ''The microstructure of the rivets is the most likely candidate for becoming a quantifiable metallurgical factor in the loss of Titanic,'' Dr. Foecke concludes in a report, ''Metallurgy of the R.M.S. Titanic,'' to be formally released early next month.
• In the report and interviews, Dr. Foecke said the slag content of the rivets was more than three times as high as is normally found in modern wrought iron, making it less ductile and more brittle. While it is not clear whether a better grade of rivets would have saved the ship, he said, the developing evidence points in that direction.

Daily Post

Today I began reading about Befast, during the time of the building of the Titanic, and her sister ship, the Olympic. They were a big deal, and visited often by the public, but there were many other industries much larger than that of the ship-building. I have also caught up on a lot of the index cards I need for this project. :)

Twenty-ninth Index Card

http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/exhibition/belfast/main.html

• The iconic Belfast industry, however, was shipbuilding.
• It did not employ as many workers as the linen industry, but its achievements brought international renown to the city.
• Throughout the nineteenth century the shallow waters of the city were redeveloped into a major port, which were home to what became the largest ship-builders in the world.
• In 1859 Edward Harland bought the shipyard in the port which he had previously managed.
• Two years later he took Gustav Wolff as his partner.
• They expanded over the following decades, and by 1900 Harland and Wolff employed 9,000 people.
• In 1911 they launched the Titanic, then the largest ship in the world, which sank so dramatically on its maiden voyage.

Twenty-eighth Index Card

https://listserv.heanet.ie/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9801&L=celtic-l&P=121981

• Titanic's construction was funded by an American company.
• She wasdesigned by a Scotsman (Anderson) who's original design was altered foreconomic reasons (greedy American profiteer) by lessening the number andplacement of the watertight compartments.
• The ship's hull was constructedin Belfast using materials made and purchased in elsewhere (England?).
• The specified material for construction was not used, the smeltersubstituting an inferior steel alloy.
• The substitute alloy was morebrittle than the specified material making the material more susceptibleto breaking rather than just bending under stress.
• There was nothing wrong with the quality of work that went into theconstruction, it was superb (mostly Irish Protestant workers).

Twenty-seventh Index Card

http://everything2.com/title/Why%2520the%2520Titanic%2520sank

• Several factors contributed to the sinking of the Titanic, and many of them contributed to each other. In many aspects, the accident was both unavoidable, and totally avoidable.
• Speed - Bruce Ismay reportedly persuaded Captain Smith to light the last two boilers to arrive in New York a day early, as a dramatic end to Smith's career. (The Titanic's maiden voyage was to be Smith's last command.) This would mean the Titanic was rushing through the area faster than it needed to be.
• Watertight Bulkheads - As reported by dozens of periodicals at the time, the Titanic was equipped with 16 watertight compartments. Unfortunately, these bulkheads only extended 10 feet above water level. As the iceberg slid across the side of the ship, popping rivets and slicing holes along the way, the first four compartments filled up. Once a compartment filled up, the water spilled into the next, overflowing like a tilted ice-cube tray. The Titanic could concievably stay afloat with 4 compartments flooded, but the fifth compartment was flooded as well.
• Inferior Construction - Several tests have been done on some of the Titanic's plates and rivets. The rivets were found to contain a high concentration of sla (the glassy residue remaining after the smelting of ore), therefore causing them to be quite weak, even becoming brittle in the icy water through which the Titanic was sailing. The Titanic's plates were also found to have a high ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, making them brittle in the water as well.
• Damage - It was originally assumed that the iceberg tore a 300 foot gash into the side of the Titanic's hull. After several investigations, this was found to be untrue. In actuality, the iceberg snipped small holes into the hull at strategic points, causing five of the sixteen compartments to flood. The total damage to the ship is estimated to be approximately 12 square feet.
• Other Factors - These factors also played a definite part in the sinking, working in concert with one another:
  Since the binoculars for the crow's nest had been misplaced, the lookouts had to do without them. This, with a combination of there being no moon caused visibility to be extremely low. At 19:15 that night, the foreward lights were extinguished to aid the lookouts, making obstacles easier to spot. This didn't help much, however, due to:
  No moon. Without a bright moon, there would be no light to reveal obstacles.
  Calm seas. If the seas are calm, the water's surface is still and thus, no water breaks at the base of icebergs subsequently making them harder to spot.
• When Fred Fleet finally spotted the iceberg, it was too late; the ship's rudder was far too small to corner that quickly. The Titanic was 882.5 feet long, and the rudder wasn't designed to accomodate that length while turning.
• Fleet rang the nest's bell three times (the signal for an iceberg), and picked up the phone to the bridge.
• The ship was ordered hard to starboard with all engines at full astern, but since they were too close, there was the resulting collision. Plus, reversing the engines probably caused the ship to turn even slower than it would have, had the engines been set to full ahead.
• (Note: In 1912, ship's wheels were designed with a tiller effect. This means that turning the wheel to starboard (right) caused the ship's head to turn to port (left).)
• When the ship finally hit the iceberg, it had only turned 22 ½ degrees to port from when the command was engaged.

Twenty-sixth Index Card

http://www.lostliners.com/Titanic/construction.html

• Olympic and Titanic had a classic triple-deck superstructure, the uppermost decks comprising the Boat, Promenade and Bridge decks.
• Although standard shipbuilding practices allowed for the use of lighter materials to be used in this design to avoid making the ship top heavy and susceptible to rolling in heavy seas as well as making the ships lighter and therefor faster, the builders again noted that speed was not the consideration and that the ships were perfectly square amidships and therefor extremely stable.
• The superstructure was constructed according to the same specifications as the outer hull and internal structure so as to provide the highest level of structural rigidity.
• An additional design feature was the incorporation of expansion joints above the Bridge deck that completely severed the superstructure.
• As large and complex as the ships were, provisions had to be made for the structure to flex.
• Without the expansion joints, the ship would snap like a twig. The joints were literally hinges, composed of leather, steel and iron riveted to the deck plates. They allowed for as much as two feet of hull deflection from the horizontal plane.
• The expansion joints were designed to counter the stresses placed on the hull when the ship hogged or sagged.
• Hogging is when the hull is supported in the middle by a large wave, leaving the bow and stern unsupported. Gravity then pulls those areas of the ship down, causing the vessel to take on a banana shape.
• Sagging is the opposite; a ship is supported at the bow and stern by waves, leaving the middle of the hull unsupported. The ship’s midsection then sags down into the trough of the wave.
• Today, in lieu of expansion joints, special steels and internal bracing compensate for this flexing on large vessels.
• The two White Star sisters were constructed by over 15,000 men who worked long hours hammering the ships into being.
• They were skilled craftsmen who took great pride in their work.
• They were accustomed to working on a tight schedule and work proceeded at a lightning pace.
• According to legend, it was during the plating of Titanic that she claimed her first victim. A worker was accidentally sealed inside the lining of the hull when he crawled between the layers of the double bottom to check the internal riveting.
• As horrifying as it sounds, this was not uncommon for the period, given the pace at which new ships were constructed. Unfortunately, once the plates had been riveted, there was no way to rescue the man.
• The cost of removing the rivets and the damage to the hull and frame work in doing so made for a hopeless situation.
• His screams were inaudible through the heavy plates, the banging of his hammer was the only indication that he was still alive.
• That soon faded and stopped altogether as he ran out of air. Accidents and mishaps aside, construction proceeded at breakneck speed. Nothing was allowed to impede the progress of construction. Too much was at stake.
• The Cunard Line’s new ships were dominating the North Atlantic and White Star needed to get it’s new liners into service as soon as possible.

Twenty-fifth Index Card

http://www.fortunecity.com/lavender/stroheim/226/construction.htm

• The Titanic was built at the Harland & Wolff Shipyard in Belfast, Ireland.
• It took more than three years from the time her first keel plate was laid in March of 1909 until she was turned over to the White Star Line in April of 1912.
• At the time of her maiden voyage, the Titanic was the largest man-made object afloat, and the most luxurious.
• The keel of the Titanic was laid at the specially built gantry at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland, in 1909, several months after the keel of the Titanic's sister ship, the Olympic was laid.
• During her construction,the Titanic towers over the shipyard in Belfast.
• The building of such a huge ship attracted visitors during her construction.
• It took 20 draft horses to draw one of the Titanic's anchors through the streets of Belfast to the construction site.
• Each link on the anchorchain weighed 175 pounds!

Twenty-fourth Index Card

http://history1900s.about.com/b/2007/06/14/titanic-had-flawed-construction.htm

• Everyone knows that the Titanic sunk in 1912 after hitting an iceberg.
• However, new research has found that a flaw in the ship's construction could have caused it to sink in any major storm.
• Analysis of newly discovered portions of the Titanic found that the ship snapped in half when the ship tipped to only 10 degrees, rather than the 45 degrees that had been previously thought.
• This not only meant that the Titanic sunk more quickly than it should have done, it also means that any large storm could have also tilted the ship by 10 degrees and snapped the hull in half.

Twenty-third Index Card

http://www.irelandseye.com/titanic/times.html

• Shortly after the ship sank, people who had been booked to travel and had changed their plans, explained their change of mind as a premonition that the ship was ill-fated.
• A novel, "The Wreck of the Titan", published in 1898 is often touted as a literary prediction of the ship's fate. Fact and fiction have become entangled and created outlandish theories about the ship's fate and recounted terrifying premonitions of disaster. As with all good legends, the Titanic's legacy is a curse.
• The Titanic sailed from Queenstown, County Cork, on 11 April 1912 with many Irish emigrants as third class passengers intent on embarking on a new life in America.
• On 14 April 1912, the ship collided with an iceberg and sank, with the loss of over 1000 lives.
• The building and launch of the luxury ship had already made world headlines with the Titanic heralded as unsinkable and the largest, the fastest, the finest and the most luxurious liner in the world.
• The Titanic was built in the Belfast shipyard, Harland & Wolff, alongside her sister ship, the Olympic. Newspapers in Belfast during 1911 carried reports on the progress of the ship's construction, including the arrival of the largest anchor in the world at the shipyard for installation in the Titanic.
• Newspaper notices in May 1911 invited the public to view the finished liner before the launch.
• The ship was launched from Belfast on 31 May 1911 and successfully completed sea trials in Belfast Lough during 1912.
• Hundreds of men in Belfast had worked on the construction of the luxury liner, fitting the essential engineering components, rudimentary steerage facilities for third class travellers and luxurious interiors for first and second class passengers.
• The city was deeply attached to the Titanic. There were Irish passengers and crew on board the ship. The first report of the Titanic sinking was published the three Belfast daily newspapers, on 16 April 1912.
• Early reports indicated that no lives had been lost.
• When the facts were known, Belfast mourned a personal loss and grieved for the dead they knew and the dead they had never known.
• The city's attachment to the ship has never diminished.
• A statue stands in the grounds of Belfast City Hall, commemorating the Titanic dead.
• The shipyard remains in Belfast, and recently Harland & Wolff released for sale copies of the Titanic construction plans.

Twenty-second Index Card

• Titanic Facts:
• White Star Line was the company that built the Titanic, and was owned by J.P. Morgan, an American tycoon.
• The cost to build the RMS Titanic was $7.5 million
• RMS stands for Royal Mail Steamer.
• It took 3,000 men two years to build the Titanic. Three million rivets held its massive hull together.
• The Titanic was never christened. It was not the practice of the White Star Line to hold such ceremonies.
• Price of a single first-class ticket was $4,700. (equals $50,000 in today's economy)
• Although there were 4 funnels (smoke stacks), only 3 were operational.
• The 4th funnel was for looks.
• As the Titanic was leaving the port, the suction it caused actually snapped the ropes of a nearby docked ship. (The S.S. New York) Tugboats had to race to the scene to prevent the New York from colliding with the Titanic. Some people aboard the Titanic and on the dock felt this occurrence to be a bad omen.
• There were 6 ice warnings received by Titanic on the day of the collision. They were all ignored by the wireless operator who was preoccupied with transmitting passenger messages.
• On the night of the collision, because the moon was not out, and the water was so still, it was very difficult to see the iceberg. A less calm water would have caused breakers around the iceberg making it easier to see it from afar.
• The iceberg that the Titanic struck was not a very big one. It did not even come up as high as the bridge of the ship.
• The iceberg that the Titanic struck was unusual in such a way that it was not white like most others, but more of a clear look caused by continuous melting. The clear surface in effect reflected the dark night sky and water like a mirror, thereby making it a black object, almost impossible to see from a certain distance. The term for this kind of iceberg is "blackberg", and is similar to the black ice found on cold icy roads.
• An iceberg exposes only 1/10th of it's mass above water. With the other 9/10ths of it's mass below water, It makes them impossible to budge. Even with a force of a ship like the Titanic.
• The Titanic was traveling 22.5 knots while cruising through iceberg laden waters. Just .5 knot from her maximum speed capability.
• The collision occurred at 11:40 P.M. on Sunday, April 14, 1912.
• Murdoch had ordered the engines reversed which had, ironically, sealed the Titanic's doom. Like all ships, the Titanic turned more quickly the greater her forward motion. Had the Titanic proceeded ahead and turned, it is most likely that she would have avoided hitting the iceberg all together.
• The gash that the iceberg cut into the hull of the Titanic was between 220 to 245 feet long. The total length of the ship was approximately 882 feet.
• Though the damage in the hull was 220 to 245 feet long, the most recent evidence shows that there was only a 12 square foot opening (the size of a refrigerator) in the hull allowing water inside the ship.
• The "watertight" compartments of the Titanic's hull were not actually watertight. They were open at the tops, which aided in her demise.
• The ship could have stayed afloat had only four compartments flooded... Five became flooded.
• 1,503 people total died, including passengers and crew.
• Only 705 people survived.
• 962 lifeboat seats were required by law.
• 1,178 lifeboat seats were carried aboard.
• 2,208 lifeboat seats were needed.
• One of the first lifeboats to leave the Titanic carried only 28 people; it could have held 64 people.
• There were 472 lifeboat seats not used.
• There were enough life-jackets for all 2,208 people, and most everyone was wearing one.
• 300 dead bodies were pulled from the sea the next morning. They were found floating in their life-jackets. Many other floating bodies were not found because they had drifted off.
• Very few people actually went down with the ship. Most died and drifted away in their life-jackets.
• The temperature of the Atlantic at the time of sinking was 31 degrees. This temperature was the biggest cause of death among the population.
• There were many dogs aboard the Titanic. Two of the dogs survived.
• Orders from the Captain were that, women and children were to board the lifeboats first. One man, Daniel Buckley, disguised himself as a woman to get aboard a lifeboat.
• Charles Joughin was the only person to survive the ice cold Atlantic water...He reportedly had been drinking heavily.
• Of children fatalities, only 1 child from first class died, while 49 children from steerage died.
• Passengers rode the stationary bicycles in the Gymnasium to pass time before the ship sank!
• The band played music up to the last few minutes before the ship went under. None survived.
• One of the last songs the band reportedly played before their death was, "Songe d'Automne".
• As the ship was sinking, the stern rose out of the water, and broke into two pieces between the third and fourth funnels.
• The Titanic lies 12,600 feet (over 2.33 miles) at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.
• The two pieces of the Titanic lay 1,970 feet apart from one another on the ocean floor.
• Because the front section of the Titanic went down nose first, the bow is buried 60 feet below the ocean floor. The huge gash is also buried. (Recent technology has allowed visual access to the damaged area of the hull)
• The Titanic was rediscovered on July 14th, 1986. 74 years after it sank.

Twenty-first Index Card

http://thebizzare.com/photography/titanic-under-construction/

• The RMS Titanic was an Olympic-class passenger liner owned by the White Star Line and built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
• For her time, she was the largest passenger steamship in the world.
• On the night of 14 April 1912, during her maiden voyage, Titanic hit an iceberg and sank two hours and forty minutes later, early on 15 April 1912.
• The sinking resulted in the deaths of 1,517 people, making it one of the most deadly peacetime maritime disasters in history.
• The high casualty rate was due in part to the fact that, although complying with the regulations of the time, the ship did not carry enough lifeboats for everyone aboard. The ship had a total lifeboat capacity of 1,178 persons even though her maximum capacity was 3,547 people.
• A disproportionate number of men died also, due to the women-and-children-first protocol that was followed.
• The Titanic used some of the most advanced technology available at the time and was, after the sinking, popularly believed to have been described as “unsinkable”.
• It was a great shock to many that, despite the extensive safety features and experienced crew, the Titanic sank.
• The frenzy on the part of the media about Titanic‘s famous victims, the legends about the sinking, the resulting changes to maritime law, and the discovery of the wreck have contributed to the interest in and fame of the Titanic that continues to this day.

Daily Post

Today I planned on continuing catching up on the index cards that i need to do. I did a lot, but still need to continue to finish them. If I finish them at this pace every day, I will be done in no time at all. The last time I was blogging, I found a few sites that read of rumors that went around that told of workers being trapped in the hull of the Titanic during the construction process. This is a horrible thing to even imagine, but I was looking more into it today, and found that other sites say that it was only rumor for the Titanic. This wasn't as abnormal of a problem as you would think, there have been several other instances where that had happened.

Twentieth Index Card

http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/8059/tonnage.htm

• Costs:
• Cost to build Titanic:Then: $7,500,000Now: $400,000,000
• Cost for one-way tickets:
• First Class (parlor suite): £870/$4,350 ($50,000 today)First Class (berth): £30/$150 ($1724 today)
• Second Class: £12/$60 ($690 today)
• Third Class: £3 to £8/$40 ($172 to $460 today)
• Cost for a Turkish or Electric Bath: $1 ($5 today)
• Cost to send Marconi Wireless Telegram: 12 shillings and sixpence/$3.12 ($36 today), for the first 10 words, and 9 pence per word thereafter. Passenger telegrams sent & received during the voyage: over 250.

Ninteenth Index Card

http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/8059/tonnage.htm

• Linen:
• 6,000 table cloths
• 45,000 table napkins
• 4,000 aprons
• 3,600 bed covers
• 800 eiderdown quilts
• 15,000 single sheets
• 3,000 double sheets
• 7,500 blankets
• 15,000 pillow slips
• 7,500 bath towels
• 25,000 fine towels
• 3,500 roller towels

Eighteenth Index Card

http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/8059/tonnage.htm

• Tableware:
  57,600 items of crockery2
• 9,000 pieces of glassware
• 44,000 pieces of cutlery
• 12,000 dinner plates
• 2,500 breakfast plates
• 2,000 dessert plates
• 5,500 icecream plates
• 4,500 soup plates
• 1,500 coffee saucers
• 3,000 tea saucers
• 4,500 breakfast saucers
• 1,000 finger bowls
• 500 salad bowls
• 45,000 table napkins
• 40,000 towels
• 4,500 breakfast cups
• 3,000 beef tea cups
• 3,000 tea cups
• 1,500 coffee cups
• 1,000 cream jugs
• 1,000 champagne glasses
• 2,000 wine glasses
• 1,500 cocktail glasses
• 1,200 liquor glasses
• 300 celery glasses
• 1,200 pie dishes
• 1,200 pudding dishes
• 400 fruit dishes
• 400 butter dishes
• 400 entrée dishes
• 1,500 crystal dishes
• 400 meat dishes
• 400 vegtable dishes
• 1,500 souffle dishes
• 3,000 beef tea dishes
• 8,000 cut glass tumblers
• 1,200 teapots
• 2,000 salt shakers
• 500 flower vases
• 1,000 oyster forks
• 8,000 dinner forks
• 1,500 fish forks
• 1,500 fruit forks
• 400 butter knives
• 1,500 fruit knives
• 8,000 dessert knives
• 1,500 fish knives
• 3,000 dessert spoons
• 6,000 teaspoons
• 1,500 mustard spoons
• 1,500 salt spoons
• 2,000 egg spoons
• 300 nut crakers
• 100 grape scissors
• 400 asparagus tongs
• 400 sugar tongs
• 400 toast racks
• 400 sugar basins
• 300 claret jugs
• 1,200 coffee pots
• 2,500 water bottles

Seventeenth Index Card

http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/8059/tonnage.htm

• Provisions: (food & drink)
  Fresh Meat - 75,000 lbs
• Fresh Fish - 11,000 lbs
• Salt & Dried Fish - 4,000 lbs
• Bacon & Ham - 7,500 lbs
• Poultry & Game - 25,000 lbs
• Fresh Eggs - 40,000
• Sausages - 2,500 lbs
• Potatoes - 40 tons
• Onions - 3,500 lbs
• Tomatoes - 3,500 lbs
• Fresh Asparagus - 800 bundles
• Fresh Green Peas - 2,500 lbs
• Lettuce - 7,000 heads
• Sweetbreads - 1,000
• Ice Cream - 1,750 lbs
• Coffee - 2,200 lbs
• Tea - 800 lbs
• Rice & Dried Beans - 10,000 lbs
• Sugar - 10,000 lbs
• Flour - 250 barrels
• Cereals - 10,000 lbs
• Apples - 36,000
• Oranges - 36,000
• Lemons - 16,000
• Grapes - 1,000 lbs
• Grapefruit - 13,000J
• ams and Marmalade - 1,120 lbs
• Fresh Milk - 1,500 gallons
• Fresh Cream - 1,200 quarts
• Condensed Milk - 600 gallons
• Fresh Butter - 6,000 lbs
• Ales and Stout - 15,000 bottles
• Wines - 1,000 bottles
• Spirits - 850 bottles
• Minerals - 1,200 bottles
• Cigars - 8,000

Sixteenth Index Card

http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/8059/tonnage.htm

• Facts about the Titanic cont..
• She had 3 anchors, which weighed a total of 31 tons.
• Each chain link weighed about 175 lbs.
  The Titanic had a gym and a swimming bath (pool) which were both very new to ocean liners.
• There were 15 watertight bulkheads that went up to E deck.
• Titanic's top speed was 23 knots.
• Titanic's cruising speed was 21 knots.
• The Titanic cost 7.5 million US dollars to build.
• The Cafe Parisien was made to emulate a Parisian sidewalk cafe.
• Stood on end, the Titanic would have been higher that any of the buildings of her day.
• There were 3 elevators in 1st Class and 1 in 2nd Class.
• The Titanic had one Renault Automobile on board.
• She consumed 14,000 gallons of fresh water per day.
• The people that reserved the suite B51 (one of the best suites), which had 3 rooms and its own promenade, paid almost $4,350 dollars (in 1912) for it.
• The Titanic had a great triple-toned whistle - the largest ever built.
• 5,892 tons of coal were on the Titanic.
• 23 tons of soap, grease, and train oil were used to slide the Titanic into the water. The whole process took only sixty-two seconds for the Titanic to complete her journey down the ways.
• She had 66,000 tons displacement.
• The anchor of the Titanic had a mass of 15.5 tons. They needed 20 horses to pull the anchor.
• During Titanic's construction, an astonishing 3 million rivets had been hammered into her hull.
• More than 15,000 people build the Titanic and the Olympic. The largest moving objects that had been constructed, at the time.
• The wealthiest passenger aboard was Colonel John Jacob Astor, with a fortune estimated at around 100 million dollars. He had just remarried an 18 year old. He died in the sinking.
• JP Morgan, the ship's owner, cancelled his trip.
• The Titanic was actually an American ship, not a British ship.

Fifteenth Index Card

http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/8059/tonnage.htm

• Facts about the Titanic:
• Passengers: 329 First Class, 285 Second Class, 710 Third Class
• Crew: 899
• Titanic had 29 boilers that were 15 feet high. Each weighed almost 100 tons.
• She required 825 tons of coal per day.
• Engines: 2 reciproctating 4 cylinder, triple expansion,direct-acting, inverted engines: 30,000hp 77 rpm. 1 low pressure
• Parsons turbine: 16,000hp 165rpm.
• The rudder weighed 20,250 lbs.
• The yard number assigned to the Titanic by Harland and Wolff was 401.
• Her official Board of Trade number was 131,428.
• Each funnel was large enough to drive two trains through.
• There were four funnels, but the forth funnel was a dummy. It was used for looks and for ventilation.
• Titanic had 3 propellers. The middle on was 16 feet across and the two side ones were over 23 feet across.
• One of the anchors of the Titanic had a mass of 15.5 tons. They needed 20 horses to pull the anchor.
• The Titanic actually carried more lifeboats then were required by law at the time.

Fourteenth Index Card

http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/8059/tonnage.htm

• Statistics:
• Capacity: 3,547 passengers and crew
• *People Onboard: 2,223 passengers and crew
• Length: 882.9 ft.
• Width: 92.5 ft.
• Height: From keel, to top of funnels - 175 ft.
• Weight: 46,328 (gross) tons
• Decks: 10 (Boat, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, Lower, Orlop, Tank Top)
• Life Boats: 20 Types: 14 regular, 4 Engelhardt collapsables, 2 emergencyCapacity: 1,178
• *Saved: 705
• *Lost: 1,518

Thirteenth Index Card

http://history.howstuffworks.com/european-history/titanic2.htm

• By the time the Titanic was completed in 1912, the ship's price tag hovered around $7.5 million (about £4.3 million) [source: History Channel].
• The ship reflected Ismay and Pirrie's goals of a posh, fast and safe ship. Conceptually, Titanic wasn't too different from modern cruise ships.
• But in the early 20th century, the comforts and amenities of this ocean liner were unlike anything travelers had ever seen before. It was more like a floating luxury hotel than a ship, and Titanic's designers put every effort into disguising or hiding equipment and cargo.
• Even the lifeboats were deemed eyesores on the deck, so only 16 were loaded along with four collapsible boats. (This would later prove a fatal mistake.)
• Boat Deck - contained the Captain's Bridge, from which the ship was navigated, the gym and the open, pine-paneled deck
• Promenade Deck (Deck A) - encompassed the two first-class staircases (placed between the four giant funnel stacks), reading/writing room, lounge, all-male first-class smoking room and the Verandah Café/Palm Court (an indoor area designed to look like an outdoor patio)
• Bridge Deck (Deck B) - included first-class cabins/suites, an à la carte restaurant and Café Parisien, all-male second-class smoking room and the third-class poop deck (a platformlike deck where third-class passengers strolled and played games among some larger cargo equipment)
• Shelter Deck (Deck C) - site of the purser's office, third-class smoking room and the second-class library/lounge
• Saloon Deck (Deck D) - first-class reception room, first-class dining saloon (located strategically between the second and third funnels to ensure the least noise and movement disturbance possible to elegant diners), first- and second-class galleys and the second-class dining saloon
• Upper Deck (Deck E) - contained second- and third-class cabins
• Middle Deck (Deck F) - location of the third-class dining saloon and the Turkish baths (a hot, dry room with electric baths and tubs with cold water for soaking)
• Lower Deck/Orlop Deck - included the squash courts; post office; carpentry, plumbing and electrical workshops; and "refrigerated" rooms cooled by a series of miles-long copper pipes where foodstuffs and other perishables were contained. (Orlop is just a fancy term for the lower decks in sailing vessels with at least four decks.)
• Tank Top - housed the boiler and engine rooms
• The ship could hold 2,599 passengers (plus 903 officers and crew members), and 2,208 passengers were on board when she set sail for New York [source: Titanic Inquiry Project].

Daily Post

Today I plan on trying to find sites that are new, that I haven't looked at before..it is beginning to become more and more challenging as I move on in the project because I have already read, and used a lot of the good resources out there available. That is my challenge. ..I have found some now..and i have realized that I can do more then just build a model..like the last site i found was audios, and questions to fill out while the audio was playing, that told you the answers.

Twelfth Index Card

http://www.soundguideweb.com/soundguide/pages/titanic/page6.htm

• The Titanic was to be 883 feet long, 93 feet wide and 11 storeys high. Suspended from scaffolds and gantries were newly-invented hydraulic riveting machines used to drive some 3 million button-headed rivets into plates, girders, beams and brackets.
• As the ship’s hull neared completion, workers began to report mysterious hammering sounds beneath the sealed plate of the double floor. Many believed, that because of the rapid pace of construction, a man had accidentally been entombed inside the ship. It had happened before on other jobs, and to the ship workers, it was the worst possible omen.
• The safety and navigation at sea in those days was the responsibility primarily of the board of trade, and this is a British government organization which is set up to police merchant ships at that period. And they would have varying regulations, number of lifejackets on board, number of lifeboats, but ships had become so large so quickly that they outpaced the regulations.
• Most regulations said that you had to have about 16 lifeboats on a vessel up to 10,000 tons. Well, of course, the Titanic weighed 45,000 tons, carrying far more passengers than a 10.000 ton vessel. Yet, she had lifeboat provision for a 10.000 ton ship.
• Lifeboats are of a standard size, they carry 65 people, and the regulation that was in effect in 1912 had been formulated in 1895. The decision to only carry the minimum number of lifeboats required by law was actually made by Bruce Ismay, the chairman of the White Star Line. It wasn't made in a light of not only the belief that the ship was unsinkable and the lifeboats would not be needed, but also to maximize the deck space for the convenience of the passengers. It was a businessman’s decision

Daily Post

Today I plan on researhing the Titanic. I have been working on getting back on schedule with all of my index cards. I have realized that I actually enjoy learning about it which is really surprising, and is good :)

Eleventh Index Card

http://www.socyberty.com/History/The-Titanic-in-Popular-Culture-and-Film.276043

• The Titanic, that gigantic 'unsinkable' ship, which has since become a popular cultural and film phenomenon. There can be no mistake, that since the ship went down in 1912, few other ships have had such an impact on culture or cinema.
• In literature, the Titanic has formed the basis of novels, either fictionalised or not.
• In media and entertainment, the Titanic sinking has made a bigger impact still. It has featured in a variety of TV films and movies.
• However, the most recent Titanic films have made the biggest box-office impact of all. The TV mini-series of 1996 was a prelude to the biggest box office hit in cinema history.
• The 1997 film, with a huge budget, set out to make the most realistic Titanic film in terms of historic details, with a fictional sub-plot. It broke box-office records
  , and it is easily the most viewed Titanic film. In addition it won 11 Academy Awards.
• Titanic video games have also become available. Most recently Starship Titanic, which in fact is not based on the RMS Titanic boat, but a star-ship by the same name. The 1996 game, Titanic: Adventure Out of Time, is more accurate.
• Unquestionably, the Titanic has a popular culture, which has been best served through cinema.
• The success of the most recent Titanic film has put the ship at the forefront of box-office history, ahead of such films like Star Wars. :) ..thats cause the titanic was amazing! :)

Tenth Index Card

http://www.socyberty.com/History/The-Construction-and-Features-of-the-Titanic.350463

• The Titanic was launched in 1911, and was at the time the largest passenger ship built.
• Construction of the Titanic began in 1909, in the Harland and Wolff shipyard based in Belfast.
• It was project funded by JP Morgan and the International Mercantile Marine Co. The ship was constructed to compete with the rival Cunard Line's Lusitania and Mauretania.
• On 31 May, 1911 the Titanic's hull had been completed.
• In terms of dimensions, the hull certainly delivered. Made of iron, it had a length of 882 feet, and a beam of 92 feet.
• The overall tonnage of the ship weighed in at approximately 46,000 tons. Overall the ship had a capacity of 3,547 passengers, including crew.
• For propulsion, she had two bronze triple-blade wing propellers.
• With her triple expansion steam engines, and scotch boilers, the ship could reach a speed of about 23 knots.
• With her triple expansion steam engines, and scotch boilers, the ship could reach a speed of about 23 knots.
• The Titanic was classed as an Olympic Class Ocean liner, and at the time surpassed her rivals in terms of features.
• The ship had an on board swimming pool, a gymnasium, Turkish bath, libraries and squash courts. Such features were enhanced by the steam-powered generators and Maconi radios, which were advanced for the time.
• Comparisons with the Titanic's sister ship were made. The Olympic had a similar hull, of the same length although the A-Deck and B-Deck configurations were different. The Titanic's Caf Parisien, was also something the Olympic did not have initially. Although this was later added to the Olympic.
• One notable feature of the Titanic was the provisions it made for lifeboats, or lack of them. White Star issued only 20 lifeboats for the ship, which could accommodate only about 52% of the passengers.
• For the time however, this exceeded legal regulations. These lifeboats could carry about 65 people each, while collapsible lifeboats could accommodate more like 47 and took up less space on deck.
• At any rate the Titanic was completed by 1911, but never christened. The voyage began in 1912, and would result in the unfortunate events.
• The ship's size and construction could not survive the impact of the icebergs, and changes in ship design would result.

Status Report Assignment

1. What have I accomplished on my project so far? -So far, I have researched the background information on the people that built the titanic, the man power it took to imagine building it, and putting those thoughts to work. (by building it)
2. What do I still have left to do? -Although I have researched some on the actual blue prints, and where things were, there is still more that I could learn before im ready to build my own model of the titanic.
3. What has been harder than I thought it would be? -The project hasn't been any harder then i expected it to b. I knew that it would require many hours of researching, but thats okay because I picked a topic that is interesting for me to learn about.
4. What has been easier than I thought it would be? -It has been easier for me to research, because im not only needeing to do this for the index cards, and for the daily progress reports, but I have found myself oddly getting very into it. :)
5. How would I do my project differently if I could start over again? -If I could start the project over again, I would set a personal goal to do all of the posts on the day they were supposed to be done, instead of just researching, and then getting a little behind.
6. What do I need to get accomplished before Spring Break? -Before spring break I would love to just be able to finish all of the research I need on the titanic, so after spring break, I can begin working together with Beccca, starting on our model. :)

Daily Post

Today I plan on continuing my research, to better prepare myself for my final project. I continued my research on the Titanic, and I mostly was looking at the background info, and who was in charge of building it etc. It is very interesting the great lengths they had to go through to build it. They had no computers like we do today, to assist us in building things, and was figured all out by man power! :) That is just really cool to me. :)

Ninth Index Card

http://library.thinkquest.org/17297/construc_titanic.htm

• The R.M.S. Titanic and the R.M.S. Olympic were built at the Belfast-based Harland & Wolff shipyard, which built all of White Star Line's ships.
• They were designed to compete with the Cunard Line ships Lusitania and Mauretania for the coveted Blue Riband, the prize awarded the fastest ship in existence.
• The two ships were built side by side in the Belfast yard.
• They were almost 900 feet long, and required 220 foot high gantries to build them. Olympic was started in December of 1908.
• On October 20, 1910, the Olympic slid down into the water while a select list of observers watched. She weighed 24,600 tons when she was launched, and would weigh over 46,000 tons when fully fitted out.
• The two ships were originally planned to have three funnels, but had a dummy funnel installed. This made them look safer and more powerful, and Lusitania and Mauretania had four funnels, too.
• Another luxury onboard was the four elevators.
• One elevator was reserved expressly for the use of the Second Class passengers, an unheard of luxury back then.
• She also had a swimming pool (the first ever on a ship), a restaurant called the Cafe Parisien, a Turkish Bath, and a gymnasium with a mechanical camel and rowing machines.

Eighth Index Card

http://www.dellamente.com/titanic/constr.htm

• Daniel Burnham once said, "Make no small plans. They lack the fire to stir men's dreams." Lord Pirrie and Bruce Ismay must have heard him from across the ocean, for they made the largest, most luxurious ocean liners that ever sailed.
• About to make her maiden voyage, she was expected to shatter the speed record for an Atlantic crossing and cement Cunard's lead in the race of the superliners. With their existing ships, White Star could not hope to compete.
• Pirrie and Ismay devised a plan to regain White Star's supremacy. They would not compete with speed, rather, they would build a pair of floating palaces, the like of which the world had never seen. A third ship would follow.
• These twin sister would be the largest vessels afloat and the most complex objects built by man.
• They would be so large that Harland and Wolff would have to build special gantries for their construction and the New York Harbor Board would be forced to build extra long piers to accommodate their arrival.
• An army of draughtsman and engineers worked tirelessly to create the drawings and specifications for everything from the massive four story tall engines to the place settings in the First Class Dining Room.
• Nearly eighteen months had passed since that dinner. On December 16, 1908, the first keel plate was laid for the Hull 400, later called the Olympic.
• Hull 401, the Titanic, was started on March 31, 1909.
• Construction of the legends had begun.

Seventh Index Card

http://titanicstation.blogspot.com/2007/05/titanics-construction.html

• As days grew into weeks, blue prints and plans were being made on a major scale.0
• Finally, the H&W designers brought a small model of the new class of ships for Ismay to inspect. Ismay did not show his emotions as he viewed the ship with satisfaction.
• The head designer at H&W must have been shaking slightly as the president of the White Star Line inspected the design of the ship. Finally as Ismay stood up from crouching over the model, he said, “I think it’s fabulous!” The ship designer let out a sigh of relief.
• They were at first known as ships 400, 401 and 402.
• The first to be named, was Olympic, after the Greeks. Such a name sounded fitting for such a ship! What would they call ship 401, the second in the group of three? What about the mighty Titans, rivals of the Olympians in the early days, surely this ship must be named TITANIC! Ship 402 would have a simple name, but fitting never the less, Gigantic. On July 31, 1908, the order was put in at H&W for the new class of ships, R.M.S Olympic, and Titanic.
• As John Bruce Ismay signed the contract with Harland & Wolff, these ships would be built no matter what happened. When Ismay put his pen to the contract, he had untold joy in his heart, finally these new ships were becoming a reality. For over a year he had dreamed of this moment.
• From the top of the funnels to the keel would be 175 feet tall, 35 feet of that would be under the water line.
• Titanic would have three massive propellers, two three bladed ones that were 23 feet and 6 inches tall, and a smaller four bladed propeller that would be 16 feet and 6 inches tall.
• The Titanic had 24 double-ended boilers and 5 single ended boilers that would be placed in 6 boiler rooms, the double-ended boilers would be 20 feet long and 15 feet and 6 inches high, the single ended boilers were 11 feet long and 9 inches.
• Altogether she would have 159 furnaces. Once on the sea, she would use 850 tons of coal each day.
• She had two reciprocating, four cylinder, triple expansion, direct acting inverted engines: creating 30,000 horse power, the left over steam would go to a third engine, a low pressure Parsons turbine: creating 16,000 horse power, this engine could not be put into reverse. Added all together would generate 46,000 hp.

Sixth Index Card

http://history.howstuffworks.com/european-history/titanic2.htm

• Boat Deck - contained the Captain's Bridge, from which the ship was navigated, the gym and the open, pine-paneled deck
• Promenade Deck (Deck A) - encompassed the two first-class staircases (placed between the four giant funnel stacks), reading/writing room, lounge, all-male first-class smoking room and the Verandah Café/Palm Court (an indoor area designed to look like an outdoor patio)
• Bridge Deck (Deck B) - included first-class cabins/suites, an à la carte restaurant and Café Parisien, all-male second-class smoking room and the third-class poop deck (a platformlike deck where third-class passengers strolled and played games among some larger cargo equipment)
• Shelter Deck (Deck C) - site of the purser's office, third-class smoking room and the second-class library/lounge
• Saloon Deck (Deck D) - first-class reception room, first-class dining saloon (located strategically between the second and third funnels to ensure the least noise and movement disturbance possible to elegant diners), first- and second-class galleys and the second-class dining saloon
• Upper Deck (Deck E) - contained second- and third-class cabins
• Middle Deck (Deck F) - location of the third-class dining saloon and the Turkish baths (a hot, dry room with electric baths and tubs with cold water for soaking)
• Lower Deck/Orlop Deck - included the squash courts; post office; carpentry, plumbing and electrical workshops; and "refrigerated" rooms cooled by a series of miles-long copper pipes where foodstuffs and other perishables were contained. (Orlop is just a fancy term for the lower decks in sailing vessels with at least four decks.)
• Tank Top - housed the boiler and engine rooms.

Fifth Index Card

http://history.howstuffworks.com/european-history/titanic1.htm

• Ismay and Pirrie's early sketches of the ships included two masts and four smokestacks -- the ships would only need three to function, but a fourth was added to make the design symmetrical and was later repurposed into a ventilation system.
• To build a safe ship 882.5 feet (268.8 meters) long and 92.5 feet (28.2 meters) wide with a gross weight of nearly 45,000 tons (40,824 metric tons), some innovative shipbuilding techniques and materials were required [source: RMS Titanic].
• John Brown's shipbuilding firm obliged Ismay and Pirrie with steel and turbines.
• The Parson's turbine was an essential development in the construction process -- it operated off the exhaust steam produced by the ship's two reciprocating engines, which were nearly four stories tall.
• This arrangement, combined with two three-blade propellers measuring 23.5 feet (7.2 meters) in diameter and a four-blade propeller of 17 feet (5.2 meters) located near the ship's rudder, produced enough horsepower to attain speeds up to 24 knots [source: Halpern].
• The ships required an immense amount of power, and these powerhouse compartments were located in the hull of the ship.
• A turbine room, an engine room, six boiler rooms, 11 stokeholds and rooms for heaters and refrigeration equipment were separated by bulkheads -- reinforced partitions.
• Another innovation aboard the ships was watertight doors that could be dropped automatically or by manual controls.
• He designed the ships to stay afloat with two of the 16 compartments flooded; the ship could even manage to sail on with up to three or four water-filled compartments.
• Above the machinery in the hull, decks lettered A through F contained everything from cabins and dining halls to Turkish baths.
• No construction arena or launching site could accommodate the ships. So before the ships could be built, the White Star Dock and the Great Gantry were.
• The Great Gantry was a series of 10 cranes that could lift laborers and materials to the height of the deck to which they were assigned to build.
• The Titanic was completed in 1912, after the construction efforts of nearly 11,000 men [source: RMS Titanic].

Fourth Index Card

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Titanic

• The RMS Titanic was an Olympic-class passenger liner owned by the White Star Line and built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, United Kingdom. For her time, she was the largest passenger steamship in the world.
• On the night of 14 April 1912, during her maiden voyage, Titanic hit an iceberg and sank two hours and forty minutes later, early on 15 April 1912.
• The sinking resulted in the deaths of 1,517 people, making it one of the most deadly peacetime maritime disasters in history.
• The ship had a total lifeboat capacity of 1,178 persons even though her maximum capacity was 3,547 people.
• The Titanic used some of the most advanced technology available at the time and was, after the sinking, popularly believed to have been described as “unsinkable”. It was a great shock to many that, despite the extensive safety features and experienced crew, the Titanic sank.

Third Index Card

http://www.lessons-from-history.com/Level%202/Titanic_page.html

• Some theories of the sinking of the Titanic are poor project management which allowed major compromises to be made in every project stage - from design to construction to testing, and right into implementation and operation.
• Some compromises were more significant like those in the design and the shortened height of the bulkheads, or the reduced number of lifeboats.
• Through Titanic's construction project the elevation of expectations that this was "the greatest ship ever built" instilled a sense of supreme confidence. This led to further compromises in the implementation stage and allowed for catastrophic mistakes to be made like pushing the ship to its operational limits in a bid to beat Olympic's best crossing time.
• A calamitous failure in key feedback mechanism (ice bucket test, wireless operators overloaded with commercial traffic, confusion by the lookouts) resulted in grounding the ship onto an ice shelf.
• Failing to adequately analyze the situation and succumbing to business pressures to save face the crippled ship was restarted and limped off the ice shelf in the belief it could be returned to Halifax.
• This forward motion further ruptured Titanic's double hull and the design flaws compromised the ship as it could not handle the increased rate of flooding.
• Too truly understand the disaster we need to examine the construction project.
• (the bullet above makes me happy, cause I thought the same thing, while brainstorming what my question should be about the Titanic :))

Third Day's Post

I plan on researching the construction of the Titanic, and how that relates to the sinking of the ship, and if it even does. Today i continued to research the building of the ship, and i came across a lot of interesting information worth knowing. Points and theories that have to do with the construction, and later sinking of the Titanic. One interesting fact i found was that the Titanic was constructed with sixteen waterlight compartments. These compartments had electronically run doors, that in case of high enough water levels, could close to prevent the large ship from sinking. The Titanic was capable of floating if any two, or the first four conpartments became flooded. It was later found out that very shortly after the Titanic hit the ice bergs, the first six compartments were flooded. This shows you that the makers of the ship weren't educated enough to correctly prepare the ship for the worst scenario that the ship, and many people on board could face.

Second Index Card

http://www.historyonthenet.com/Titanic/construction.htm

• Titanic was built in Belfast by the shipbuilding company Harland and Wolff.
• Construction of the Titanic began in 1909
• olympic was the titanics sister ship.
• Titanic was constructed with sixteen watertight compartments.
• Each compartment had doors that were designed to close automatically if the water level rose above a certain height.
• Weirdly, shortly after Titanic hit the iceberg it was revealed that the first six compartments were flooded.
• Only three of the funnels were used to expel smoke and waste gasses. The fourth was added to make the ship look more powerful.
• The three propellers on he Titanic were powered by steam.The rotation of the propellers powered the ship through the sea.
• The Titanic was finally launched two years after its' construction first began in the year of 1911.
• After that, they moved on to work on the interior of the ship. They worked on the interior for roughly ten months.
• The total cost of the RMS Titanic was $7.5 million (1912)

First Index card

http://www.euronet.nl/users/keesree/construc.htm

• Originally the Titanic's design was for three funnels and four masts
• Lord James Pirri felt that four funnels would make her look much better.
• also some people felt that it would be safer
• The number of masts was reduced to two, one fore and one aft
• The first-class dining room was to have a large dome but this was changed to a normal ceiling
• The spa was reduced in size and the gymnasium was moved to the boat-deck.
• The titanics keel was laid down on March 31st, 1909 at Harland and Wolff Shipbuilding in Belfast.
• The rudder weighed 101 tons and was made from six separate parts.
• The 3 anchors weighed a total of 31 tons. It took 20 horses to haul one anchor.

This site also has very good pictures, that help you understand how it was put together.

Second Day's Post

My next action, entering into the day is to begin researching the general facts on the Titanic. The Titanic is a very interesting topic, with a lot of information out there availale, just waiting to be learned. By first learning the general information, helps me to answer my research question because before I start looking for specific questions, i need the background information as a good base. Next, i should research the construction of the titanic.

Product Prospectus

1. How was the Titanic built?
2. Our final project will be a model of the wood work, and construction, of the titanic.
3. We chose to do it in this form, because it allows you to view the construction of the titanic three-dimensionally.
4. You will be able to tell when it's completed. We will have a partially completed model, so you can still see the inside (without all of the fancy furnishings)
5. The finished project demonstrates mastery, because we will need to research, and find out how to replicate it.
6. We will research the project often, and use our class time wisely. After obtaining all of the information needed, we will begin creating our model.
7. The next action that we need to take would be to start researching the construction.

First Day's Post

Today was the first day of our research project. We had to create a blogger account (which is this), and also create a delicious account. The delicious account helps us to share and manage the sources that we have found while researching, and enables us to share them with others. It is much more efficient to write things on blogs for our teacher, Mr. Nilsen, and all of us students.